Age 43 when appointed to Irene camp, he had obtained a commission in the Basuto War, was in the Cape civil service for 14 years before moving to Pretoria; for the past 4 years he had been a manage in JB Robinson's company; at the outbreak of the war he joined the Imperial Light Horse. After Irene he became a travelling inspector for the Transvaal camps. [Hattingh, Irenekonsentrasiekamp, pp. 103-104]